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India's production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme, launched in 2020 to boost domestic manufacturing, has drawn criticism from the US and China, who claim it distorts global trade. The Modi government's subsidies for electronics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles are seen as unfair competition, potentially triggering retaliatory trade measures. This could escalate global trade tensions and impact supply chains, affecting commodity demand and export-dependent economies. The dispute highlights growing geopolitical economic rivalries and may influence international trade policy negotiations.